c/c_English Language Arts_Grade 1_caractéristiques, structures et conventions linguistiquesles concepts de l’écritla conscience de l’écritla conscience phonémique et phonologiquela formation des lettresla structure de la phraseles conventions

the conventional features of written English, such as:

• the symbolic nature of writing
• the correspondence of spoken words to printed words (one-to-one matching)
• the association of letters and sounds
• the distinctive features of letters and words
• the correspondence between uppercase and lowercase letters
• left-to-right directionality
• the use of space to mark word boundaries
• the use of specific signs and symbols for punctuation (e.g., period, exclamation point, question mark)

understanding the nature and uses of print, including letters and print symbols; children’s print awareness is closely associated with their word awareness (the ability to recognize words as distinct elements of oral and written communication) and is an important precursor to literacy development and early reading achievement; includes awareness of the differences between letters, words, and sentences

Phonological refers to the sounds of words (as opposed to their meanings):

• Phonemic awareness is a specific aspect of a learner’s phonological awareness: a child’s ability to segment spoken words into phonemes (e.g., c / a / t) and to blend phonemes into words indicates a developing phonemic awareness.
• Phonological awareness involves the abilities to hear and create rhyming words, segment the flow of speech into separate words, and hear syllables as “chunks” in spoken words.

legible printing with spacing between letters and words

the structure of simple sentences

common practices in punctuation (e.g., the use of a period or question mark at end of sentence) and in capitalization (e.g., capitalizing the first letter of the first word at the start of a sentence, people’s names, and the pronoun I)