c/c_English Language Arts_Kindergarten_caractéristiques, structures et conventions linguistiquesles concepts de l’écritla connaissance des lettresla conscience phonémique et phonologiquela formation des lettresla relation entre la lecture, l’écrit

the conventional features of written English, such as:
- the symbolic nature of writing
- the correspondence of spoken words to printed words (one-to-one matching)
- the association of letters and sounds
- the distinctive features of letters and words
- the correspondence between uppercase and lowercase letters
- left-to-right directionality
- the use of space to mark word boundaries
- the use of specific signs and symbols for punctuation (e.g., period, exclamation point, question mark)
- front and back of a book

recognizing and naming most letters of the alphabet, recognizing most letter-sound matches, recognizing some familiar words

Phonological refers to the sounds of words (as opposed to their meanings):
- Phonemic awareness is a specific aspect of a learner’s phonological awareness: a child’s ability to segment spoken words into phonemes (e.g., c / a / t) and to blend phonemes into words indicates a developing phonemic awareness.
- Phonological awareness involves the abilities to hear and create rhyming words, segment the flow of speech into separate words, and hear syllables as “chunks” in spoken words.

the use of scribble writing or letter strings to communicate meaning; distinguishes drawing from writing