• using active listening skills and receptive body language (e.g., paraphrasing and building on others’ ideas)
• disagreeing respectfully
• extending thinking (e.g., shifting, changing) to broader contexts (e.g., social media, digital environments)
• collaborating in large and small groups

The means by which cultural transmission occurs over generations, other than through written records; among First Peoples, oral traditions may consist of told stories, songs and/or other types of distilled wisdom or information, often complemented by dance or various forms of visual representation such as carvings or masks. In addition to expressing spiritual and emotional truth (e.g., via symbol and metaphor), these traditions provide a record of literal truth (e.g., regarding events and/or situations). They were integrated into every facet of life and were the basis of First Peoples education systems. They continue to endure in contemporary contexts.

A person’s sense of identity is a product of linguistic factors or constructs, including oral tradition, story, recorded history, and social media; voice; cultural aspects; literacy history; and linguistic background (English as first or additional language)

Strategies used will depend on purpose and context. These may include making predictions, asking questions, paraphrasing, forming images, making inferences, determining importance, identifying themes, and drawing conclusions.